Application of installation art works: concept, style and trend! The term installation art is used to describe large-scale mixed media buildings, which are usually designed for specific locations or temporary periods of time!
Site particularity: location is an indispensable element
This kind of art appeared in the 1960s. Artists were disillusioned with the increasingly commercialized art world, and began to break the art conventions and look for alternatives. Many installation artists began to create works purely for the purpose of interrelation with specific space. Therefore, if you remove it from the space, it will lose its meaning.
Walter De Maria's New York Earth Room (1977) is a good example. This work consists of a whole room full of mud. De Maria tries to bring nature into the room, but actually it contains something that is usually regarded as unrestricted. Andy Goldsworthy has done similar experiments in manipulating nature. As we all know, he will paint the whole wall of galleries and other architectural spaces with clay. As the soil dries and breaks, these fragments will undergo physical changes and deteriorate, enabling the audience to witness erosion in real time. German artist Eberhard Bosslet uses the existing space to inspire architectural projects. Since 1985, he has used industrial building materials to create many interior works. These materials exist as structures and seamlessly integrate with the existing architectural framework. Kara Walker is famous for pasting the black silhouette describing the experience of African Americans directly on the wall, so that her message of widespread racism cannot be deleted or erased.
Conceptualism
Installation art also overlaps with the concept art movement, because they all give priority to the importance of ideas rather than the technical value of works. However, conceptual art tends to be more low-key and simple, while installation art is usually bold and more object based. Some examples connecting these two movements include Jenny Holzer's works since the 1970s. She expressed her thoughts on human conditions through text-based light projection and LED sculpture signs on the walls of many public buildings. Her thoughts blend with her surroundings, inviting visitors directly into her mind. When the British artist Damien Hirst wanted to express the society's global dependence on medicine, he built the actual pharmacy cabinet, which was full of medicine bottles. The shelves from top to bottom correspond to the human body. The top shelf contains drugs for treating the head, and so on. The bottom shelf contains drugs for treating foot diseases. In 2010, when visitors to Taite Art Museum who visited Ai Weiwei's Sunflower Seeds (2010) were allowed to take one of the (nearly) 1 billion small porcelain seeds stacked on the floor of the entire gallery space, they also took away the reflection on geopolitics and cultural and economic exchanges around "Made in China".
Interaction and immersion: emphasize audience participation
Works belonging to this kind of installation art shift the focus from art as a simple object to art as a instigator of dialogue. By deliberately occupying space, artworks force the audience to interact closely, so watching installation art is more like a kind of participation behavior than a meditation behavior. Artist Olafur Eliasson once said: "I always try to create works that can inspire the audience to become our common reality." Chinese artist Cai Guoqiang embodies this concept. After strategically placing gunpowder on a huge surface or building, he then explodes his works in public, which can be compared to an exciting firecracker performance. When the spark went out, the gorgeous and smoky paintings were left to meditate. Another artist, Rachel Whiteread, is famous for his large installations that stimulate the audience to think about indoor space. In The Embankment, she fills a room in the Tate Gallery with hundreds of white cubes cast from the inside of empty boxes and containers. When guests walk through and surround the positive impression of these negative spaces, they are forced to reflect on all the "ghosts" in the internal space of their own lives.
Some installation artists have created a completely immersive environment in order to close the audience in an experience completely divorced from reality. These works are like attractions of amusement parks or experience activities for tourists to participate voluntarily. The Infinity Room (2016) by Yoshiyama Kusama is a typical example. It is an installation work in the whole room of the Broad Museum. Tourists with tickets can only enter one room at a time to experience alone. The black room is filled with thousands of tiny lights, giving people a feeling of being in space or far away from the world.
With the emergence of technological progress, artists of this genre increasingly seek to attract every sense of the audience through smell, sound, performance and immersive video reality (all of which are related to the loosely used term 4-D). Cooperate directly with the audience, because they need the movement of the body parts of the visitors to affect the various movements of the artwork. In a work, enter: hektor(2001)， He asks the guest to chase the projected word with his arm to trigger the spoken word.
Take full advantage of large-scale scale
Large projects that transform public places into meditation spaces have long been part of installation art, and large commissioned works have become essential works for most major art museums. These works have made bold statements and are often loved by people, but some people believe that large-scale works have become too common and flashy, and the appeal of the public far exceeds the artistic value of works. In fact, it seems that well-known artists often turn to manufacturing these large-scale installations, which will certainly attract the public's favor and further enhance their reputation. Christo and Jean Claude are famous for their spectacular outdoor works. They once placed a two-story Mastaba consisting of 1240 oil drums in the 50 foot by 50 foot atrium of the Philadelphia Institute of Contemporary Art. Guests can hardly walk in it. Space. Some of Anish Kapoor's most famous works belong to this category, especially his huge sculpture intervention (usually intrusive) in buildings occupies multiple areas, rooms and even floors.
Spatial awareness
Some installation arts try to adjust our perception of space by manipulating the environment. For example, the famous artist James Turrell uses architecture, light and shadow to eliminate people's depth perception. In his groundbreaking work Breathing Light (2013) for the Los Angeles County Art Museum, he turned the room into an all embracing experience through strategically placed LEDs, making the audience feel like they are in the womb of breathing and heaven. In The Weather Project (2003), Olafur Eliasson turned the room into a strange sun expression by using single frequency light and mist, thus bringing the outside into the room. Richard Serra is famous for his huge metal sculpture forms, which distort, fluctuate and control the interior space. When the audience enters, penetrates and surrounds the huge works, they will adjust the balance and sense of balance of the audience. These types of devices bring the audience into seemingly other dimensions, often triggering thinking about existence - physical, ethereal, and/or spiritual.
Later development after installation art
Contemporary artists continue to use installation art as a carrier to convey a complete and unified experience. With the emergence of revolutionary technology and the rapidly expanding digital art toolbox, it can be said that artists have just begun to understand the possibility of installation art 2.0. Recently, installation artists began to turn to works that immerse the audience in virtual reality, such as Daniel Steegmann Mangrane's Phantom (2015). This work takes the audience into the Brazilian rainforest, where there are rustling leaves and majestic trunks. Although these new technologies have not been widely adopted by the art world, many people believe that they will become one of the most important directions of contemporary art in the future.
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